Udonga lwenqwaba eyimfihlo luwuhlobo lwenqwaba ebiyelwe yomgodi wesisekelo. Inqwaba yekhonkrithi eqinisiwe kanye nenqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacile ziyasikwa futhi zivalwe, futhi izinqwaba zihlelwe ukuze zakhe udonga lwezinqwaba ezixhumene. Amandla okusika angadluliselwa phakathi kwenqwaba nenqwaba ngezinga elithile, futhi ngenkathi egcina umhlaba, angadlala indima yokuvimba amanzi ngempumelelo, futhi afanele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinamanzi angaphansi komhlaba aphezulu nendawo encane.
Umklamo wodonga oluyimfihlo lwenqwaba
Ngokwethiyori, ngenxa yokuthi inqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacile eseduze kanye nenqwaba yekhonkrithi eqinisiwe kuyaxhumanisa ukwakha udonga, inqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacile kanye nenqwaba yekhonkrithi eqinisiwe kudlala umphumela ohlangene lapho udonga lwenqwaba lucindezelekile futhi lukhubazekile. Ngenqwaba yekhonkrithi eqinisiwe, ukuba khona kwenqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacile kwandisa ukuqina kwayo okugobekayo, okungacatshangelwa ngendlela efanayo yokuqina ekubalweni lapho kunolwazi.
Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwephrojekthi esebenzayo lubonisa ukuthi izinga lokufaka isandla ekuqineni kwenqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacile licishe libe yi-15% kuphela ngokubonakala kwemifantu phansi kokumba. Ngakho-ke, lapho isikhathi sokugoba sikhulu, ukuqina kwenqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacile akunakucatshangelwa; Uma isikhathi sokugoba sincane, umthelela wokuqina kwenqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacile ungacatshangelwa kahle lapho kubalwa ukuguquka komugqa wenqwaba, futhi ukuqina kwenqwaba yekhonkrithi eqinisiwe kungaphindaphindwa nge-coefficient yokuthuthukisa ukuqina kwe-1.1 ~ 1.2.
Ukwakhiwa kodonga oluyimfihlo lwenqwaba
Inqwaba engenalutho iphonswa ngokhonkolo obuthakathaka kakhulu kusengaphambili. Ingxenye ehlangana nokhonkolo yezinqwaba zekhonkolo ezingenalutho eziseduze inqunywa ikhono lokusika le-casing drill ngaphambi kokusetha kokuqala kwezinqwaba zekhonkolo ezingenalutho, bese kuthi izinqwaba zenyama zithululwe ukuze kubonakale ukuvaleka kwezinqwaba eziseduze.
Inqubo yokwakha udonga olulodwa lwenqwaba ye-secant imi kanje:
(a) Ukubhoboza okuqaphile endaweni: Uma udonga lokuqondisa indawo lunamandla anele, sebenzisa i-crane ukuhambisa ukubhoboza endaweni, bese wenza indawo ephakathi nendawo yokubamba ipayipi eliyinhloko phakathi nendawo yomgodi wodonga lokuqondisa.
(b) Ukwakheka kwembobo eyodwa yenqwaba: Ngokucindezelwa kwengxenye yokuqala yesilinda esivikelayo (ukujula okungu-1.5m ~ 2.5m), ibhakede le-arc lithatha inhlabathi kusilinda esivikelayo, libambe inhlabathi ngenkathi liqhubeka nokucindezela phansi kuze kube yilapho ingxenye yokuqala icindezelwe ngokugcwele (ngokuvamile ishiya u-1m ~ 2m phansi ukuze kube lula ukuxhumana kwesilinda) ukuthola ukuma. Ngemva kokudlula ukuhlolwa, isilinda sesibili esivikelayo siyaxhunywa, njalo njalo emjikelezweni kuze kube yilapho ingcindezi ifinyelela ukuphakama kwephansi lenqwaba yomklamo.
(c) Ukuphakamisa ikheji lensimbi: Ngenqwaba B, ikheji lokuqinisa kufanele libekwe ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlolwa kwembobo sekuqinisekisiwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphakama kwekheji lokuqinisa kufanele kube okulungile.
(d) ukujova ngekhonkrithi: Uma kukhona amanzi emgodini, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa indlela yokujova ngekhonkrithi ngaphansi kwamanzi; Uma kungekho manzi emgodini, sebenzisa indlela yokugeleza kwekhonkrithi eyomile bese unaka ukudlidliza.
(e) Ukudonsa isigubhu sibe yinqwaba: ngenkathi uthela ukhonkolo, khipha isilinda sokuvikela, bese unaka ukugcina phansi kwesigubhu sokuvikela ≥2.5m ngaphansi kobuso bekhonkolo.
Inqubo yokwakha imigqa yenqwaba imi kanje:
Ngomugqa wezinqwaba ezivalekile, inqubo yokwakha i-A1→A2→B1→A3→B2→A4→B3, njalo njalo.
Izinkomba ezibalulekile eziqondile:
Ukunqunywa kwesikhathi sokulibaziseka kwekhonkrithi yenqwaba A kudinga ukubala isikhathi sokulibaziseka kwekhonkrithi yenqwaba A ngokwefomula elandelayo ngemuva kokunquma isikhathi t esidingekayo ekwakhekeni kwenqwaba eyodwa yamaqoqo A no-B:
T=3t+K
Ifomula: K — isikhathi esibekiwe, ngokuvamile 1.5t.
Enqubweni yokwakheka kwembobo yenqwaba B, ngoba ukhonkolo wenqwaba A awukaqini ngokuphelele futhi usaqhubeka nokugeleza kuka-A, ungangena ngokushesha emgodini wenqwaba B usuka endaweni lapho inqwaba A nenqwaba B zihlangana khona, wakhe “ukuqhuma kwepayipi”. Izindlela zokunqoba yilezi:
(a) Lawula ukudilika kwekhonkrithi kwenqwaba A <14cm.
(b) Ibhokisi kufanele lifakwe okungenani i-1.5m ngaphansi kwephansi lomgodi.
(c) Bheka ukuthi ngabe ubuso bekhonkrithi benqwaba A buyacwila ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma kutholakala ukwehla, ukumba inqwaba B kufanele kumiswe ngokushesha futhi ngenkathi ucindezela phansi isilinda sokuvikela ngangokunokwenzeka, gcwalisa inhlabathi noma amanzi enqwabeni B (linganisa ukucindezela kwekhonkrithi kwenqwaba A) kuze kube yilapho "ukuqhuma kwepayipi" kumisiwe.
Ezinye izindlela:
Uma uhlangabezana nezithiyo ezingaphansi komhlaba, ngoba udonga lwenqwaba eyimfihlo lusebenzisa i-casing yensimbi, umqhubi angaphakamisa umgodi phansi ukuze asuse izithiyo uma kutholakala ukuthi indawo iphephile,.
Kungenzeka ukuthatha ikheji lensimbi elibekiwe lapho ukhipha ikheji lenqwaba phezulu. Izindlela zokuvimbela zingakhethwa ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-concrete aggregate ye-post B noma ipuleti lensimbi elincane elincane kunalo lingashintshwa liye phansi kwekheji lensimbi ukuze kwandiswe ikhono lalo lokulwa nokuntanta.
Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kodonga lwenqwaba eyimfihlo, akufanele sicabangele nje kuphela ukulawula isikhathi sokusetha kancane kwenqwaba yekhonkrithi esobala, siqaphele ukuhlelwa kwesikhathi sokwakha kwenqwaba yekhonkrithi esobala eseduze kanye nenqwaba yekhonkrithi eqinisiwe, kodwa futhi silawule izinga eliqondile lenqwaba, ukuze kuvinjelwe inqwaba yekhonkrithi eqinisiwe ukuthi ingakwazi ukwakhiwa ngenxa yokukhula ngokweqile kwamandla enqwaba yekhonkrithi. Noma ngoba ukuphambuka kokuma kwenqwaba yekhonkrithi esobala ephelele kukhulu, okuholela esimweni somphumela omubi wokubopha ngenqwaba yekhonkrithi eqinisiwe, ngisho nokuvuza komgodi wesisekelo, akukwazi ukuvimba amanzi nokwehluleka. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kwenziwe amalungiselelo afanele okwakhiwa kodonga lwenqwaba eyimfihlo, futhi kufanele kwenziwe amarekhodi okwakha ukuze kube lula ukwakhiwa okubushelelezi. Ukuze kulawulwe ukunemba kokwakheka kwembobo yenqwaba evalekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomklamo kanye nemininingwane ehlobene, kufanele kuthathwe yonke inqubo yokulawula ukunemba kokwakheka kwembobo. Amakholomu amabili emigqa angalengwa emshinini wokwakha inqwaba ukulawula ukuma kodonga lwangaphandle lwesilinda sokuvikela esiseningizimu-enyakatho kanye nempumalanga-entshonalanga futhi i-clinometer emibili ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuma kwembobo. Ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi lapho kutholakala ukuphambuka.
Njengokwakhiwa kodonga oluqhubekayo olungaphansi komhlaba, ukuze kwakhiwe udonga oluyimfihlo olunezimbobo ezigcwele, kuyadingeka futhi ukwenza udonga oluqondisayo ngaphambi kokubhoboza inqwaba, oluye lwanelisa ukulawulwa kwendawo yendiza yenqwaba eboshiwe futhi lwasebenza njengepulatifomu yemishini yokwakha ukuvimbela ukubhidlika kwembobo, qiniseka ukuthi imbobo yenqwaba yodonga oluyimfihlo iqondile, futhi iqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwe-drill egcwele izimbobo. Izidingo zokwakha zodonga oluqondisayo zingabonakala ezidingweni ezifanele zodonga lwe-diaphragm olungaphansi komhlaba.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-17-2023