Imishini yokumba ezungezayo iyimishini ebalulekile embonini kawoyela negesi futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhipheni imithombo yemvelo ngaphansi komhlaba. Isistimu yokuzungeza emshinini wokubhoboza iyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokumba, okuvumela umshini wokubhoboza ukuthi ubhoboze izingqimba zamatshe nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuzuzwe ukujula okudingekayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola uhlelo lokujikeleza ku-drilling rig, izingxenye zalo, kanye nomsebenzi walo phakathi nenqubo yokumba.
Isistimu ejikelezayo emshinini wokubhoboza iwumshini oyinkimbinkimbi esiza ukubhoboza izimbobo oqweqweni lomhlaba. Iqukethe izingxenye eziningana ezifana ne-turntable, i-kelly, i-drill string, ne-drill bit. I-turntable iyiplathifomu enkulu eyindilinga enikeza amandla ajikelezayo adingekayo ukuze uvule intambo yokubhoboza kanye nebhithi yokubhoboza. I-kelly iyishubhu eliyisilinda elingenalutho elidlulisa i-torque isuka ku-turntable iye kuyintambo yokubhoboza, uchungechunge lwamashubhu axhumene asuka phezulu aye phansi kwe-borehole. I-drill bit iyithuluzi lokusika ekugcineni kwentambo yokubhoboza elingena ngempela ekubunjweni kwedwala.
Amasistimu ajikelezayo asebenza ngokudlulisela amandla asuka ku-drill rig aye ku-turntable, yona ezungezisa intambo ye-kelly ne-drill. Njengoba intambo yokubhoboza izungeza, i-drill bit isika edwaleni, yenze imbobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uketshezi lokubhoboza, noma udaka, luphonswa phansi ngentambo yokubhoboza ukuze kuphole ucezu lokubhoboza, ukulethela okusikiwe phezulu, futhi kunikeze ukusimama odongeni lomthombo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-rotary drilling futhi iyindlela evamile esetshenziswa embonini kawoyela negesi.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zesistimu ye-rotary yikhono layo lokubhoboza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ze-geological formations. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idwala lithambile noma liqinile, izinsimbi zokumba ezijikelezayo zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene, okuwenza abe ithuluzi eliguquguqukayo nelisebenza kahle lokuhlola kanye nemisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Ukwengeza, uhlelo olujikelezayo luvumela ukubhola okuqhubekayo, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi bafinyelele ekujuleni okukhulu ngesikhathi esingaphansi kunezinye izindlela zokumba.
Amasistimu ajikelezayo kumishini yokumba nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekuqedweni kwemithombo. Uma ukujula okufunayo sekufinyelelwe, intambo yokubhoboza iyasuswa futhi i-casing ifakwe ukuze ilandele i-borehole futhi ivimbele ukuthi ingawi. I-casing ibe isiyehliselwa emthonjeni kusetshenziswa isistimu ejikelezayo futhi ibanjwe endaweni, okwenza umgoqo wokuphepha phakathi komthombo kanye nokwakheka okuzungezile. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho bomthombo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuphephile nokusebenzayo kukawoyela negesi yemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yazo eyinhloko yokumba nokwakhiwa kwemithombo, isistimu ejikelezayo emshinini wokumba ibuye ifakwe izici zokuphepha ukuze kuvikelwe abasebenzi kanye nemishini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinqamuleli zokuvuthela, eziklanyelwe ukulawula ingcindezi ngaphakathi komthombo futhi zinqande ukukhishwa okungalawuleki kukawoyela noma igesi, nezinye izinto zokuphepha ukuze kuncishiswe ingcuphe yezingozi nokulimala kwemvelo.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, amasistimu ajikelezayo kuma-drilling rigs aseguqukile ukuze afake izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula idijithali, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle nokuphepha. Le ntuthuko inika amandla opharetha ukuthi baqaphe futhi balungise imingcele yokumba ngesikhathi sangempela, bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle futhi banciphise umthelela wemvelo wemisebenzi yokumba.
Ukufingqa, uhlelo lokuzungeza kumshini wokumba luyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokumba, okuvumela umshini wokumba ukuthi ubhoboze ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene kokwakheka komhlaba ukuze kukhishwe imithombo kawoyela negesi yemvelo. Ikhono layo lokuzivumelanisa nezinhlobo zamadwala ahlukene kanye neqhaza lawo ekwakhiweni kwemithombo nokuphepha kuyenza ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile embonini kawoyela negesi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, izinhlelo ezijikelezayo zizoqhubeka nokuthuthuka, zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokusimama kwemisebenzi yokumba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-29-2024